Sadie, Stanley
Hitchcock, H. Wiley
The new Grove dictionary of American music
edited by H. Wiley Hitchcock and Stanley Sadie
New York, N.Y. : Grove's Dictionaries of Music, 1986. 4 v.
Hodson, Phillip
Who's who in Wagner
An a to Z look at his life and work
New York: Macmillan, 1984, 182 p.
Claghorn, Charles Eugene
Biographical dictionary of American music
West Nyack, N.Y.: Parker Pub. Co., 1974, 491 p.
Bio-bibliographical index of musicians in the United States of America since colonial times
Prepared by the District of Columbia Historical Records Survey Division of Community Service Programs Works project Administration
Washington, DC: 1941, 439 p.
Baker, Theodore
Baker's biographical dictionary of musicians
Fourth edition revised and enlarged
New York: G. Schirmer, 1940
Remy, Alfred
Baker, Theodore
Baker's biographical dictionary of musicians
Third edition
Revised and enlarged by Alfred Remy, M.A.
New York: G. Schirmer, 1919, 1094 p.
Saerchinger, Cesar
International who's who in music and musical gazetteer
Edited by Cesar Saerchinger
New York: Current Literature Pub. Co., 1918, 841 p.
Elson, Louis Charles
The history of American music
Revised edition
By Louis C. Elson
New York: MacMillan Company, 1915, 387 p.
Hanaford, Harry Prescott
Hines, Dixie
Who's who in music and drama
Edited by Dixie Hines and Harry Prescott Hanaford
New York: H.P. Hanaford, 1914, 560 p.
Baker, Theodore
Biographical dictionary of musicians
Compiled and edited by Theodore Baker, Ph.D.
New York: G. Schirmer, 1900, 653 p.