Sadie, Stanley
Hitchcock, H. Wiley
The new Grove dictionary of American music
edited by H. Wiley Hitchcock and Stanley Sadie
New York, N.Y. : Grove's Dictionaries of Music, 1986. 4 v.
Rosner, Helmut
Bulling, Burchard
Frank, Paul
Noetzel, Florian
Kurzgefasstes Tonkunstler Lexikon
Fortfuhrt von Burchard Bulling, Florian Noetzel, Helmut Rosner
Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, 1974
       Note: Zweiter Teil: Erganzungen und Erweiterungen seit 1937
Claghorn, Charles Eugene
Biographical dictionary of American music
West Nyack, N.Y.: Parker Pub. Co., 1974, 491 p.
Pena, Joaquin
Angles, Higinio
Querol Gavalda, Miguel
Diccionario de la musica labor
Iniciado por Joaquin Pena
Continuado por Higinio Angles
Con la colaboracion de Miguel Querol y otros distinguidos musicologos espanoles y extranjeros
Barcelona: Editorial Labor, 1954, 2V, 2318P.
Bio-bibliographical index of musicians in the United States of America since colonial times
Prepared by the District of Columbia Historical Records Survey Division of Community Service Programs Works project Administration
Washington, DC: 1941, 439 p.
Baker, Theodore
Baker's biographical dictionary of musicians
Fourth edition revised and enlarged
New York: G. Schirmer, 1940
Schmidl, Carlo
Dizionario universale dei musicisti
Milan: Sonzogno, 1937, 2V p.
Remy, Alfred
Baker, Theodore
Baker's biographical dictionary of musicians
Third edition
Revised and enlarged by Alfred Remy, M.A.
New York: G. Schirmer, 1919, 1094 p.
Saerchinger, Cesar
International who's who in music and musical gazetteer
Edited by Cesar Saerchinger
New York: Current Literature Pub. Co., 1918, 841 p.
Hanaford, Harry Prescott
Hines, Dixie
Who's who in music and drama
Edited by Dixie Hines and Harry Prescott Hanaford
New York: H.P. Hanaford, 1914, 560 p.