Sadie, Stanley
Hitchcock, H. Wiley
The new Grove dictionary of American music
edited by H. Wiley Hitchcock and Stanley Sadie
New York, N.Y. : Grove's Dictionaries of Music, 1986. 4 v.
Rosner, Helmut
Bulling, Burchard
Frank, Paul
Noetzel, Florian
Kurzgefasstes Tonkunstler Lexikon
Fortfuhrt von Burchard Bulling, Florian Noetzel, Helmut Rosner
Wilhelmshaven: Heinrichshofen, 1974
       Note: Zweiter Teil: Erganzungen und Erweiterungen seit 1937
Bio-bibliographical index of musicians in the United States of America since colonial times
Prepared by the District of Columbia Historical Records Survey Division of Community Service Programs Works project Administration
Washington, DC: 1941, 439 p.
Baker, Theodore
Baker's biographical dictionary of musicians
Fourth edition revised and enlarged
New York: G. Schirmer, 1940
Frank, Paul
Altmann, Wilhelm
Kurzgefasstes Tonkunstler Lexikon : fur Musiker und Freunde der Musik
Begrundet von Paul Frank
Neu bearbeitet und erganzt von Wilhelm Altmann
Regensburg: Gustave Bosse, 1936, 730 p.
Boyd, Charles N.
Pratt, Waldo Selden
Grove's dictionary of music and musicians. American supplement ...
Edited by Waldo S. Pratt. Associate editor: Charles N. Boyd.
Saerchinger, Cesar
International who's who in music and musical gazetteer
Edited by Cesar Saerchinger
New York: Current Literature Pub. Co., 1918, 841 p.
Herringshaw, Thomas W.
Herringshaw's national library of American biography, etc ...
Chicago: 1909-14, 5 vols.
Who's who in America.
A biographical dictionary of notable living men and women of the United States.1908-1909 ...
Leonard, John William
Who's who in New York city and state containing authentic biographies of New Yorkers ...
3rd ed.